The cost-effectiveness of diabetes prevention: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program and the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study

Table 2 Undiscounted per capita direct medical costs of care outside the DPP/DPPOS by intervention group and study year, and distribution of undiscounted per capita 10-year direct medical costs of care outside the DPP/DPPOS by intervention group and type ($)

Costs by year	Lifestyle	Metformin	Placebo
1-DPP	1,423	1,517	1,617
2-DPP	1,780	1,837	2,045
3-DPP	1,979	1,854	2,018
4 (Bridge)	2,059	2,087	2,330
5-DPPOS	2,015	2,174	2,543
6-DPPOS	2,519	2,493	2,636
7-DPPOS	2,645	3,061	2,875
8-DPPOS	3,444	3,607	3,319
9-DPPOS	3,291	3,298	3,265
10-DPPOS	3,406	3,686	4,822
TOTAL	24,563	25,615	27,468
Costs by category	Lifestyle	Metformin	Placebo
Outpatient visits	6,845	7,145	7,325
Inpatient care	5,631	5,817	6,856
ER visits	1,941	1,690	1,825
Urgent care visits	1,697	1,945	1,811
Calls to physicians	712	742	712
Prescription medications	6,490	6,619	6,959
Self-monitoring supplies and laboratory tests for diabetes	1,248	1,628	1,978
TOTAL	24,563	25,615	27,468

ISSN: 2055-8260